the recent fuel spill in Norilsk.The melting of permafrost is a particularly difficult challenge for Russia, which has built many towns and oil and gas infrastructure on frozen ground, which was at the time considered stable.As climate change causes permafrost to melt, it releases greenhouse gases, mainly methane, which in turn feeds the acceleration of climate change.Both Copernicus and NASA data co-indicate the December-May period as the warmest ever recorded in the region in a historical.